Scipedia: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation

Alcohol Intoxication as Just Cause for Employment Termination: A Comparative Medical�CLegal Perspective in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico

Claudia-Andrea Vanegas-Mondragon — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 05:56:23 +0200

Objective: To analyze the medical–legal framework regarding drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico, considering alcoholism as a disease and its implications for occupational health.

Methods: A documentary and comparative review of labor legislation, jurisprudence, and doctrine was conducted in the four countries. Additionally, medical literature on alcoholism published between 2000 and 2023 was reviewed, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO, and ILO sources [1–3,5,9,13].

Results: Although labor laws in Latin America recognize drunkenness as just cause for dismissal [4–7], judicial practice has progressively incorporated principles of proportionality, human dignity, and the right to health [13,14]. National jurisprudence shows variability: while some courts uphold dismissal, others consider alcoholism a disease requiring treatment and rehabilitation [16–21]. The medical literature highlights the health burden of alcohol use and the need for workplace interventions focused on prevention and reintegration [9–12,22].

Conclusion: Dismissal due solely to drunkenness is insufficient without evidence of recurrence, direct harm to productivity, or risk to third-party integrity. A balanced approach integrating occupational health policies, rehabilitation measures, and proportional sanctions is recommended.

Alcohol Intoxication as Just Cause for Employment Termination: A Comparative Medical�CLegal Perspective in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico

Claudia-Andrea Vanegas-Mondragon — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 18:58:26 +0200

Drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship without employer liability has been widely debated in Latin America. Although contemplated in the labor laws of Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico, recent case law questions its strict application. From a medical perspective, alcoholism is recognized as a chronic, progressive disease, creating tension between workers' right to health and employers' authority to terminate contracts_[1–3]. This article provides a medical-legal comparative analysis of legal and health criteria regarding workplace drunkenness. The study highlights the principle of proportionality, recognition of alcoholism as a disease, and the need to align labor regulations with occupational health_[4–6].We conclude that mere drunkenness should not suffice to justify dismissal, except when workplace safety, productivity, or third-party integrity is compromised, emphasizing preventive and rehabilitative measures_[7,8].

Design Thinking in Film and Television Ideation: Enhancing Concept Development

Samuel Ntsanwisi — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 18:12:03 +0100

This article explores the integration of design thinking into the ideation phase of film and television production through the Media Innovate project at the Durban University of Technology. By employing design thinking methodologies, the project aims to enhance students' creative processes and bridge the gap between academic training and industry practice. Through user-centered problem-solving, students develop feature and short film scripts that address real-world challenges while cultivating entrepreneurial skills. The study follows an exploratory, qualitative methodology, utilising observation of students enrolled in the project to assess the impact of design thinking on their approach to media innovation. The observation focuses on how students apply design thinking principles such as empathy, ideation, and prototyping to their creative work, enabling a deeper understanding of stakeholder needs and fostering self-sustainability. Findings suggest that incorporating design thinking not only enhances creative outcomes but also prepares students for economic growth opportunities in the media industry. This research contributes to the broader discourse on the relevance of design thinking in the creative industries and it’s potential to transform educational practices in film and television production, equipping students for real-world success.

NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF SOLAR FLARES OF X CLASS

Leila Shakaraliyeva — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 01:04:40 +0200

The study of solar flares is definitely very important for our planet, because they have a direct impact on it. We have always wondered how solar flares, seemingly so far away from us, can affect the Earth. They are known for their effect on the ionosphere and magnetic field of our planet, thereby causing negative effects in addition to the fascinating aurora borealis. Thus, every flare that occurs on our main luminary can cause geomagnetic storms, bringing massive power outages, malfunctioning GPS systems, radio and telecommunications. In studying this issue, we decided to understand their patterns.

Thus, we studied methods of processing large volumes and presenting them in the form of graphs using MATLAB and Python programs, while using the relationship between the characteristics of the radio signal and its topology, developed by our scientist Zhanabaev Z.Ch. The uniqueness of our project is the use of only two coefficients (two-dimensional shape coefficient and information-entropy) characterizing solar flares to determine their patterns.

In conclusion, having set the goal of the project is to find the most efficient method to predict solar flare based only on the value of second flux and soft X-ray emission. We were able to make progress and discover a new to science concept of self-organization of solar flares.

How were women portrayed in the lyrics of popular early 2000s songs?

Tasnuva Rawshan — Fri, 28 Jul 2023 15:56:02 +0200

This research aimed to analyze the portrayal of women in popular early 2000s music, focusing on misogynistic stereotypes. A selection of 10 popular songs from the years 2000 to 2009 was analyzed, and operational definitions were used to identify and quantify the presence of stereotypes in the lyrics. Graphs were generated to illustrate the most common stereotypes regarding women in this music.

The findings supported past trends and the hypothesis, revealing that women were often depicted in a demeaning, infantilizing manner. The prevalent use of terms like "baby" or "girl" portrayed them as immature, reinforcing gender stereotypes of women being weaker and in need of male guidance and protection. Such infantilization limited opportunities, undermined autonomy, and contributed to a culture of sexism and misogyny. Furthermore, popular early 2000s music frequently sexualized women, reducing them to physical objects and perpetuating harmful gender norms.

Comparing the research to prior studies on hip-hop and rap music, it was evident that popular early 2000s music also dehumanized and degraded women through stereotypes. However, unlike hip-hop and rap, this genre did not exhibit the same level of violence in its lyrics.

This research highlights the negative portrayal of women in popular early 2000s music and emphasizes the potential impact on societal attitudes, particularly on the millennial generation and Generation Alpha. Addressing these issues is essential for promoting gender equality and challenging harmful stereotypes in popular music and beyond. Further research could explore changes in stereotypes over time by analyzing music from later decades and different genres.

A Descriptive Analysis on the Gender Issues in Teaching Physical Education

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 08:09:04 +0200

The aim of the study is to examine the gender issues in physical education instruction at several state colleges and university schools in the Philippines. Utilizing descriptive research, data revealed that physical education teachers need to work on delivering subject matter, planning lessons, and developing didactics in a way that is more gender sensitive. More information demonstrated that physical education teachers lacked the education required to discuss gender concepts, regulations, and standards as well as development approaches in instructing physical education. It is advised that gender equality tools, learning resources, and knowledge products be produced and made accessible for usage in the classroom and coaching context in order to increase gender sensitivity in the teaching of physical education. Physical education instructors are also invited to take part in gender and development training to increase their understanding of gender issues and their capacity to give instruction that is gender sensitive.

Scitocin: Development of Science Mobile Learning App for Least Learned Competencies in Science 9

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 08:06:02 +0200

This designed research aimed to develop science mobile learning application for least learned competencies in science 9 particularly in Living Things and their Environment topics. The respondents of this study were grade 9 students and teachers, for the researcher-made test and acceptability of the mobile app, and five experts for the evaluation of the acceptability of the app. The data-gathering instruments were a researcher-made test, teachers’ evaluation sheet, students’, and experts’ evaluation questionnaires. Data analysis techniques employed were frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. This study employed design research because it aims to develop and validate the science mobile learning application utilizing Input-Process-Output (IPO) model. The data gathering instruments were the validated and reliability-tested researcher-made performance test in Living Things and their Environments topics and adopted questionnaire from state university for acceptability of the mobile application. The 50-item performance test was based on topics in Quarter One in Living Things and their Environment. Based on the findings there were 3 identified least learned competencies based on students’ performance test. The result based on students’ performance test was also corroborated with the result based on teachers’ perception. In this study, a Scitocin mobile application was developed and yielded a rating of “Very acceptable” which further suggested that the mobile learning application has excellently met the standards in terms of content, instructional quality, technical quality, presentation and organization, accuracy and up-to-datedness of information, and assessment among the end-users and experts. Furthermore, this Scitocin mobile learning application composed of different distinct features such as e-module, video lesson, and educational games. Thus, the mobile app indeed served its purpose to cater to the needs of the 21st-century learners of a technology-enhanced instructional material that is flexible, innovative, interesting, and acceptable which would facilitate their construction of knowledge through videos and coming to class prepared. It is recommended that further research be conducted to ascertain the effect of the developed mobile app on students’ academic performance and develop more mobile learning applications for relevant subjects.

The Educational Philosophy and the Career Motivation of the Pre-Service Teachers

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 08:01:02 +0200

This study aims to explore the educational philosophy and the career motivation of preservice teachers at the Tayabas Western Academy, Candelaria, Quezon. This study utilizes a descriptive-correlational methodology. According to Melegrito and Mendoza (2016), is a concept in research that explains and analyzes information contextually. This also centered on the situations of established relationships, perspectives that were retained, and methods or patterns that were currently developing. The following major findings are: pre-service teachers exemplify progressivism and existentialism as educational philosophies when viewed as a whole. However, when classified according to the educational program, essentialism was the dominant educational philosophy for BEEd, BSEd English, and BSEd Filipino courses; perennialism philosophy for BSEd General Science course; and existentialism philosophy for BSEd Social Studies and BSEd Mathematics courses. Likewise, pre-service teachers are 'motivated' to choose teaching as a profession. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the Tayabas Western Academy pre-service teachers have diverse educational philosophies and are willing to embrace their chosen field of work although teaching is not a simple job. The results suggest modifications of a proactive approach to education programs in the 21st century to strengthen the caliber of their graduates.

Flipped Classroom and ManyChat Delivering OnlineOffline (MCDOO) Learning for Science, Technology & Engineering Curriculum (STEC) Students

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 07:57:03 +0200

Low physics learning in the Philippines is a prevailing concern the education sector must resolve, so initiating technological interventions in teaching the subject, including flipped classrooms, and introducing a chatbot such as ManyChat Delivering Online-Offline learning could be helpful to improve scientific literacy in learning Electromagnetic (EM) waves. This study aimed to determine the significant learning differences between conventional teaching (CT), Flipped Classroom (FC), and ManyChat Delivering OnlineOffline (MCDOO) Learning in teaching EM waves. Previous research showed that flipped classrooms are effective in Physics lessons. At the same time, only a few studies have been found using MCDOO learning effectively in other subjects, yet to be in Physics lessons. The researcher used the randomized posttest-only control group experimental research design with four groups; Conventional Teaching (CT) as the control group while the experimental groups are: Flipped Classroom (FC), ManyChat Delivering Online-Offline (MCDOO) Learning, and lastly, the combined FC+MCDOO learning who underwent different learning sessions (traditional teaching, FC session via google classroom, MCDOO session and FC+ MCDOO via Messenger App respectively). One-Way ANOVA was performed to determine whether there were any significant learning differences. The results showed in the first and second competencies; the null hypotheses are accepted, so all the differences in all four groups are not significant there is not much of a difference between the scores of CT and FC, CT and MCDOO, and FC and MCDOO learning; however, in the third learning competency, the null hypothesis is rejected so then the Tukey Post Hoc test was conducted to point out where is/are the significant difference/s. The Tukey Post Hoc test revealed that CT and FC+MCDOO learning differs significantly. It means that FC+MCDOO learning boosts higher learning achievement than conventional teaching, FC alone, or MCDOO alone. This study concludes that using just one technological intervention in Physics teaching simply cannot produce a significant impact on the physics literacy of the students in EM learning. Utilizing a combination of technological approaches can make a meaningful difference to the literacy rate in Physics lessons, specifically electromagnetic waves.

Building Champion School Leaders Through the Institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program of The School Heads Academy (SHA) of DepEd Region VI

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 07:53:03 +0200

The School Heads Academy (SHA) was established by DepEd Region VI, making it the first among DepEd to provide such professional training for aspiring and emerging school leaders who desire to cultivate their leadership and managerial competencies. The ReEntry Application Project (REAP), being one of the prerequisites of SHA program is faced with an array of concerns among its beneficiaries and implementers to include the lack of definite structure and processes in the implementation. This study sought to develop a definite structure of the Re-Entry Program of the SHA to ensure a unified process of conceptualization, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of the projects and its eventual institutionalization in the whole of DepEd Region VI. The study is a mixed-method study with its foundation in the ADDIE Model. Qualitative data were gathered through FGD and were analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis to assure that the four REAP implementation phases are the primary topic of the discussion and they will be used to guide the conversation and elicit answers from the respondents. Quantitatively, the mean was used to determine the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines, and the ANOVA to determine the significant differences among the acceptability level of the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists. The overall results of the evaluation of the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines revealed to be highly acceptable to the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists in terms of conceptualization, execution, monitoring, and evaluation. This implies that the implementing guidelines have completely and satisfactorily addressed the concerns raised in the FGD and is regarded as clear, allencompassing, and beneficial for all the program implementers and end-users. The evaluation further revealed that there are no significant differences between the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines of the Institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program of the SHA of DepEd Region VI between the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists. This indicates that, although having distinct roles and responsibilities within the REAP implementation and in the SHA program, each group views the implementing guidelines as clear, comprehensive, and useful. With the implementing guidelines on the institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program, the SHA scholars, school heads, HRD specialists, and partner learning institutions will be guided properly as they work toward the goal of implementing a relevant and responsive REAP to the scholars’ organizational needs. Thus, the Region VI’s commitment to its mantra as the 'home of the champions' would be strengthened and achieved accordingly.

An Analysis of Factors Associated with Drug Use in Schools in The City of Ouagadougou in 2019

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 07:43:02 +0200

Faced with this situation, a general awareness has led to the creation of an international day against drug abuse and trafficking on June 26. Several international and regional conventions are working together to develop strategies and policies to fight this scourge. The aim of this study is to look for the prevalence and associated factors of drug use in schools in the city of Ouagadougou in 2019. This study used a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire administered to students in schools in the city of Ouagadougou who were present during the survey in March 2019. The collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire inspired by the WHO guide on school health surveillance in the Burkinabe context, which had been previously tested. Kobocollect software was used to collect the data. Data processing and analysis were carried out using STATA version 15.1 software. The variable of interest was drug use. The data collected were analyzed with STATA version 15.1 software. The students in this study ranged in age from 12 to 25, with a mean age of 14.78 ± 2.26 years. The prevalence of drug use was 6.11%. It varied significantly according to gender, pocket money, and history of drug use. Strategies to combat drug use must be strengthened and adapted to our context in order to bring about a change in behavior, especially in schools.

Health Practices Among Secondary School Teachers During Covid-19 Pandemic

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 07:38:02 +0200

This study aimed to determine the health practices among the secondary school teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ichon National High School. This considered the socio demographic profile of the teachers in terms of age, sex, civil status and teaching load and the extent of practice employed by the teachers in the said health dimensions. A total of 53 teachers from Ichon National High School participated as respondents in the evaluative method of research that consists in three parts questionnaires. The statistical treatment used in the computation and analysis of gathered data to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents are the descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. As to the significance of health practices during COVID-19 pandemic, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the significant differences on the extent of practices among the different health dimensions. The very high extent of the implementation on the health practices during COVID-19 pandemic shows that the teachers are frequently practiced the health practices. The highest mean in mental aspect is conclusive that teacher during the pandemic exert effort to stay healthy on this and other areas as well. It is recommended to conduct further study regarding on the health practices among the secondary school teachers.

Championing Sustainable Practice of Reusable Face Masks: Framing TikTok Campaign of #EcoInfluencers

IJMERI — Mon, 22 May 2023 07:35:03 +0200

The pandemic not only brought the surge of the virus and fear but also led to a heavy environmental toll unfolding the proposition of increasing face mask waste, resulting in an ongoing threat vis-à-vis the environment. The aim of the study is to encourage climate dialog to environmental activism through TikTok, dovetailing awareness as part of coalescing efforts on reusable face masks over single-use face masks. This study employed two-fold qualitative processes: Photovoice and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in exploring the meanings of unsustainable practices of disposable facemasks. A different point of view was centered on the modification of attitudes and providing social awareness of the use of disposable face masks. Despite the strong stances against face mask, all participants agreed that facemasks will be in commonplace even the ebbing of the pandemic, but their wavelengths are firm to reinforce simple change mitigating the impact of plastic waste and that is to take advantage of imparting information via TikTok. The highlights and implications of the study revealed an onset for empowering purpose towards environmental interest as eco-influencers who will encourage stewardship as conduits for sustainable practices. Redefining Environmental Engagement In the age of social media where alternative platforms pave the road onto relaying news mainstream and promoting brand awareness, this comes the opportunity to voice out environmental activism for stewardship; and a social platform emerging in popularity hub is TikTok, since it has set to be a convenient social avenue in providing discourse related to sustainability issues and raising environmental concerns (Hautea, et al., 2021; Basch, C, 2022). Reasons can be pointed to the result of the viewer's broad reach; its popularity in discussing various topics does not last for hours. Furthermore, as opposed to other social media sites, another significant advantage of TikTok is that videos uploaded to the platform may be good for popular opinion seen online on any search engine or digital system that has an internet connection (Basch, 2022). As a result, users can easily access TikTok clips, brands, or videos that have been allocated with the same

Online Teaching in Physics Using Just-In-Time Teaching (JiTT), Academic Achievement, and Conceptual Understanding of Grade 9 Students

IJMERI — Sun, 21 May 2023 18:32:02 +0200

This study determined the effect of online teaching in Physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy on the academic achievement and conceptual understanding of Grade 9 students. One intact class was subjected to a single-group pretest/posttest preexperimental research design. Purposive sampling was applied, and selected 48 Grade 9 students for this study. The data gathered were interpreted quantitatively from the validated physics achievement test (PAT) and from the adopted energy-momentum concept test (EMCT), while, the learning experiences survey responses were interpreted thematically. This study was conducted for a period of eight (8) weeks during the 4th quarter of the school year 2020-2021 at Junior High School in District II. The study's findings using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed a significant difference in the students' physics achievement mean scores and a significant difference in the students’ energy-momentum mean scores before and after their exposure to online teaching in physics using the Justin-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy. The class average normalized gain (g) of the 48 respondents on the adopted Energy-Momentum Concept Test (EMCT) resulted in statistically “high” normalized gain (g) in their conceptual understanding before and after their exposure to online teaching in physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy. Furthermore, the learning experiences survey responses revealed positive results and improvement on the students’ learning experiences in JiTT’s warm-up exercises. Hence, it was concluded that the online teaching in physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) as a teaching-learning strategy might significantly improve the students' academic achievement and conceptual understanding in grade 9 physics.

Public Authority Regulations and Invisible Hands of Adams Smith in A Free Market Economy During Emergency: The Paradoxical Relationship

IJMERI — Sun, 21 May 2023 18:21:05 +0200

The study investigated public authority regulations and the invisible hands of Adam Smith in a free market economy during the emergency a paradoxical relationship but the focus is to determine the place of public authority regulation of prices of goods during pandemic. It generated primary data by administering sets of questionnaires to selected firms and the data was analyzed using the Chi-square analysis. The two hypotheses formulated for the study was tested at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that there were no price variations in pharmaceutical products and bakery companies’ products during the first wave of covid’19 pandemic in Nigeria. The findings show that because the restriction of movement did not affect essential commodities, and international borders were open for pharmaceutical goods and other essential products. Though discovery from the skeletal interviews conducted, showed an increase in demand for bakery products but no corresponding rise in prices. This movement restriction was affected by the firm order and directives of the government as carried out by COVID-19 task force. It is suggested that government should regulate the prices of commodities during emergencies to curtail artificial inflation.

Teaching Food and Beverage Services Through Gamification

IJMERI — Fri, 19 May 2023 09:40:02 +0200

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) in the Philippines is continuously progressing due to the demand of global community in technical skills. In this progression in education, inadequate teaching and learning materials, and teaching strategy that are suitable in the new curriculum becomes a problem inside the classroom. The use of technology is constantly upgrading the classroom environment. It is being used by teachers to enhance the creativity, innovation, and engagement of their teaching methods. Moreover, it has the capability to increase student’s attainment and escalate their future opportunities, whatever career they choose. Among this innovative teaching strategy is gamification. Gamification is a teaching strategy that increases students’ participation, wherein teacher uses technology game-based to discuss lessons or to do task. This study is intended to determine the effects of gamification as teaching strategy through the performance of selected Grade 9 students in Bagong Silangan High School and to know the challenges encounter using this strategy. Furthermore, this study employed Quasi-experimental design of research. According to White and Sabarwal (2014), quasi-experimental design is known to be the association of groups that is as similar as possible to the experimental group when it comes to the characteristics of pre-intervention. The comparison group captures what would have been the outcomes if the intervention had not been implemented. Hence, the intervention can be said to have cause any difference in outcomes between the treatment and comparison groups. Based on the data gathered, the following major findings are: The academic performance of both control and experimental group on their first quarter grade in Food and Beverage Services is equal before the start of the experiment. The performance of control group in pretest is slightly advance compared to the experimental group. During posttest, students taught using gamification, gained advantage over those taught using the traditional approach. And based on the retention test scores of the students, experimental group advances more over control group. The performance of control group in pretest is slightly advance compared to the experimental group. During posttest, students taught using gamification, gained advantage over those taught using the traditional approach. And based on the retention test scores of the students, experimental group advances more over control group. And lastly, problems encountered by the students in gamification comes in accessing different websites while the lesson is on-going, no, or slow internet connection, no gadgets available, compatibility of the application to the device, time consuming and it makes the class unruly.

EFFECT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, HUMANITARIAN SERVICES AND TRANSPORT LOGISTICS ON PORT OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA: EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT

University Edih — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 11:59:03 +0100

This study examines the effect of emergency management, humanitarian services and transport logistics on port operations in Nigeria. Its focus is to determine the significance of both emergency management strategies and humanitarian aids during and after emergencies in Nigerian ports. The study adopts multiple regression models to analyze the primary data generated from the field using structured questionnaire. These data were validated using content and sampling validity techniques to ascertain its appropriateness for the study. It was confirmed that disasters or emergencies are retrogressive factors that can cause sudden and massive disruptions to operations in the ports leading to destruction of lives and properties, huge financial loss, destruction of infrastructure and closure of ports, either temporarily or permanently. However, it is proven that effective disaster preparedness/ awareness reduces the hardships experienced during emergencies and that humanitarian services/logistics cannot be done without in rescuing and recovery operations. The study concludes that effective disaster management strategies and efficient humanitarian services have positive and significant effects on port operations in Nigeria and recommends the following measures; every port should have a standard disaster management unit (SDMU) among others.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN BAYBAY CITY LEYTE

IJMERI — Mon, 19 Dec 2022 06:17:03 +0100

This quantitative study utilized the descriptive method of research that aimed to assess the implementation of environmental conservation practices in Baybay City Leyte with 92 officials and 115 zone residents of the 23 barangays in the city. Data were gathered through online and pen-paper surveys using frequency mean and Chi-square test. Barangay officials & Zone residents showed the same level of awareness of the environmental conservation practices implemented in Baybay City. Based on the results, the highest average weighted mean environmental conservation practices were the Ordinance on Solid Waste Management. Whereas, the Ordinance on the Use of Plastics Bags has the lowest average weighted mean. There is no significant difference in the level of awareness of the environmental conservation practices between the barangay officials and zone residents. The findings on the level of implementation of the environmental conservation practices, barangay officials asserted a high level of implementation while zone residents claim to have implemented of all the (3) ordinances. For barangay officials, the Ordinance on Solid Waste Management had the highest weighted mean. While the Ordinance on the Use of Plastics Bags had the lowest weighted mean. Whereas, for the zone residents the Ordinance on Regulating the Use of Plastics Bags had the highest weighted mean. While the Ordinance on Anti-Littering and Prohibiting Persons from Throwing any Refuse or Garbage, Spitting, or Improper Urinating into Streets and Canals had the lowest weighted mean. There is a significant difference in the level of implementation of the environmental conservation practices between the barangay officials and zone residents on the Ordinance on Anti-Littering and Prohibiting Persons from Throwing any Refuse or Garbage, Spitting, Improper Urinating into Streets and Canal and Ordinance on Solid Waste Management. However, there is no significant difference in the level of implementation of environmental conservation practices in the Ordinance of the Use of Plastics Bags.

TEACHING EFFICACY AMONG PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIs) IN SULU

IJMERI — Mon, 19 Dec 2022 06:14:03 +0100

This descriptive-correlational study determines the teaching efficacy among public Higher Education Institutions during the Academic Year 2021-2022. With 200 teacherrespondents, and with the use of weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent samples, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r, the findings are. 1) There is a significant difference in the extent of teaching efficacy of college instructors of HEIs in Sulu when data are categorized according to age, civil status, and educational attainment. But there is no significant difference in terms of gender, length of service, and appointment status. Teachers who are 30 years old & above, separated, and with MA/MS degrees have better ways of assessing the level of confidence college instructors of HEIs in Sulu in their ability to guide students to success which includes helping students learn, building effective programs for students, and effectively changing student learning. 2) There is a very high correlation among the sub-categories subsumed under the extent of teaching efficacy of college instructors of HEIs in Sulu.

THE EFFICACY OF THE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY

IJMERI — Mon, 19 Dec 2022 06:12:03 +0100

This study is intended to determine the efficacy of the teachers and students involving social, cognitive, and teaching presences to the Senior High School students of Saint Joseph College. This study utilized the descriptive survey design. Calderon (2006), defined descriptive research as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and then making an adequate and accurate interpretation of such data with or without or sometimes minimal aid of statistical methods. The following major findings are: the status of the implementation of the online educational community is at a wellimplemented level as rated by the students and the teachers. There is no significant difference between the rating of the teachers and the students on the status of the implementation of the online educational community. It can be concluded that the implementation of the online educational community could not be indicative of the performance of the students. Since there is no significant relationship between the implementation of utilizing online education, online learning can still continue as a learning modality whether there is an ongoing pandemic or not because there might be other factors that affect the performance of the students. The mode of the teaching-learning process could not affect the performance of the students.